Herbal Medicine Journal

Aktivitas Anti-Angiogenik Alpukat dan Minyak Sawit dalam Nanoemulgel Melalui Uji Membran Korioallantoik

Putri Giri Anjani — 2026-07-31

Angiogenesis is a fundamental hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis, and it could be prevented through chemomedication or natural products. Natural lipid-based bioactive incorporated into advanced drug delivery system have gained increasing attention for their full potential to modulate tumor/cancer asssociated agiogenesis. Avocado oil and crude palm oil are rich in bioactive lipid fraction with reported antioxidant and antiproliverative properties; however their comparative antiangiogenic efficacy when formulated as nanoemulgel systems remains unexplored. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of avocado oil and crude palm oil bioactive compoun formulated ini nanoemulgel using Chorioallantoic Assay Membrane as model Avocado and crude palm oil formulated in nanoemulgel drug delivery systems with high emulsification and gel incorporation. Physiochemical properties from nanoemulgel gave a good results in stability especially in F5 with particle size of 280 nm and optimum viscousity to be 16.652 mPas at 100 rpm. The appearance of the formula was yellowish white with expectable pH range from 5.3 to 6.3. The optimal formulation has good spreadability coefficient and, good antiangiogenic activity also measured in decrease of blood vessel count around 34.5% and erytrocyte presents in edothelium. This study report the antiangiogenic effect of from natural lipid based bioactive such as avocado oil and crude palm oil have a potential candicate for future anti cancer therapy.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Karika (Carica pubescens) dan Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Bengle (Zingiber cassumunar) terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif Penyebab Infeksi Kulit

Fania Putri Luhurningtyas — 2026-07-31

Infeksi kulit akibat bakteri Gram positif seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacillus masih menjadi masalah kesehatan, terutama akibat meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik. Daun karika (Carica pubescens) dan rimpang bengle (Zingiber cassumunar) diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak daun karika dan minyak atsiri bengle terhadap Bacillus dan Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan variasi perbandingan ekstrak (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, dan 0:1), serta kontrol positif dan negatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan Two-Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Aktivitas tertinggi terhadap Bacillus diperoleh pada perbandingan 2:1 dengan rata-rata zona hambat 9,15 mm, sedangkan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada perbandingan 0:1 sebesar 9,6 mm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa rasio ekstrak, jenis bakteri, dan interaksi keduanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap diameter zona hambat (p<0,05). Kombinasi ekstrak daun karika dan bengle berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antibakteri alami terhadap bakteri Gram positif penyebab infeksi kulit.

Analisis Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Ranting Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

Zulfisa Zulfisa — 2026-07-31

Pine twigs (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) remain an underexplored plant part regarding their secondary metabolite composition, although other parts such as leaves, flowers, and stem bark have been reported to contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanol extract derived from pine twigs using UVVis spectrophotometric analysis. The extract was obtained through maceration of dried twig powder using 96% ethanol. Phenolic content was determined using the FolinCiocalteu method with gallic acid as the reference standard, while flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) colorimetric method with quercetin as the reference standard. Qualitative analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the extract. The gallic acid calibration curve at a maximum wavelength of 783 nm yielded the regression equation ŷ = 0.09983 + 0.001394x with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9854 and coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9710. Meanwhile, the quercetin calibration curve at 434 nm produced the regression equation ŷ = 0.01091 + 0.009805x with r = 0.9989 and R² = 0.9978. The phenolic content of pine twig extract was found to be 0.183% w/w, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 137.4666 µg/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 458.2217 µg/mL, whereas the total flavonoid content was 0.122% w/w, with an LOD of 3.9687 µg/mL and an LOQ of 13.2291 µg/mL. Precision analysis demonstrated good measurement repeatability. The findings indicate that pine twigs contain low but consistent levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, suggesting their potential as a natural source of bioactive compounds for further development, particularly following additional antioxidant activity studies.

Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Pohon Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

Hepni Sibagariang — 2026-07-31

The bark of the raru tree possesses bioactive compounds with promising antibacterial properties. Compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins are known for their ability to suppress bacterial proliferation. This research investigates the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts derived from raru bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A series of laboratory-based assays were conducted, employing raru bark extract (Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre) at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, utilizing the diffusion technique to assess its inhibitory effects. The findings indicate that a 25% concentration of raru bark extract produces an inhibition zone of 12.43 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 13.26 mm against Escherichia coli, both reflecting a substantial antimicrobial effect. At a 50% concentration, the extract demonstrates enhanced activity, yielding inhibition zones of 16.91 mm and 17.05 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively still within the strong efficacy range. Increasing the concentration to 75% further amplifies the antibacterial impact, with zone diameters reaching 20.26 mm for S. aureus and 20.00 mm for E. coli. At full strength (100% concentration), the extract exhibits pronounced antimicrobial potency, forming inhibition zones of 24.95 mm and 24.88 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, indicating a very strong antibacterial capacity.

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyziodes) dengan Metode DPPH

Mahral Effendi Sembiring — 2026-07-31

Daun bandotan, also known as Ageratum conyzoides L., contains flavonoids that may have anti-alami properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of the ekstrak etanol daun bandotan. With 96% ethanol as the pelarut, ekstraksi is carried out using the maserasi method. The DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) method is used to decrease antioksidan activity by decreasing absorption at 517 nm. To determine the total flavonoid content, spectrophotometry is used as a reference. The study's findings indicate that the antioksidan activity of ekstrak etanol daun bandotan is rather high, with an IC50 of 33,619 μg/mL in the Kadar category. The study's findings indicate that ekstrak etanol daun bandotan can function as an alami antioksidan, with an estimated 33,7938 mg of flavonoids per QE.

Profil Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, Total Flavonoid, Total Fenolik, dan Total Tanin Ekstrak Bunga Tapak Dara

Mizan Sahroni — 2026-07-31

The use of plants in medicine has been practiced since prehistoric times and continues to develop as a safer and more economical alternative to modern therapies. Catharanthus roseus L. is a tropical plant commonly found in Indonesia, known for its diverse pharmacological benefits. This study aims to identify the phytochemical profile, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total tannin content, and antioxidant activity of Catharanthus roseus flower extract. Extraction was carried out by maceration using absolute ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis of bioactive compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins (strong positive reaction), and alkaloids (positive), while saponins, steroids, and terpenoids were not detected. Quantitative analysis showed total flavonoids of 17.92 mgQE/g, total phenolics of 24.53 mgGAE/g, and total tannins of 38.27 mgTAE/g. Antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method indicated an IC₅₀ value of 502.89 µg/mL, which falls under the weak category. Nevertheless, the high content of polyphenolic compounds supports the potential of the flower extract as a natural antioxidant source. This study provides scientific evidence for the future development of C. roseus as a phytopharmaceutical agent and encourages further exploration of advanced extraction techniques to enhance its bioactivity.

Keywords: Antioksidant, Catharanthus roseus, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Tanin.

Hubungan Rasionalitas Penggunaan Obat terhadap Outcome Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Cijantung

Putu Wina Widya Artini — 2026-08-01

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that requires precise therapy to prevent complications, making the rationality of drug use a crucial factor in treatment success. DKI Jakarta has the highest diabetes prevalence in Indonesia, dominated by type 2 at 50.1%, yet research on drug rationality and therapeutic outcomes in type C hospitals remains limited, making Cijantung Hospital a strategic research site. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the rationality of drug use and therapeutic outcomes in type 2 DM patients at Cijantung Hospital. This was a descriptive study using a cross-sectional method with retrospective data collection from medical records for the period of January–December 2025, involving 34 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The rationality evaluation showed right indication (100%), right patient (100%), right dose (100%), right route (100%), and right drug (88%), so that overall drug use was categorized as rational (88%). Regarding therapeutic outcomes, 54% of patients achieved the target HbA1c <7% and 24% achieved the target fasting blood glucose (FBG) <130 mg/dL. Fisher’s Exact Test showed no significant relationship between the rationality of drug use and the achievement of either HbA1c (p = 1.000) or FBG (p = 0.574). Drug use at Cijantung Hospital is categorized as rational according to the PERKENI 2021 and 2025 Ministry of Health Regulation standards, but this was not directly correlated with clinical outcomes, which are presumed to be influenced by patient compliance and lifestyle factors.

Profil Fisik, Kimia dan Biologi Pupuk Organik Cair Ampas Teh

Rahmiati Rahmiati — 2026-08-01

Tea waste is an organic by-product that still contains essential nutrients and organic compounds, making it a promising raw material for the production of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of LOF produced through the fermentation of tea waste. A quantitative descriptive method was employed using a seven-day fermentation process. The evaluated parameters included physical characteristics (color, odor, and pH), chemical properties (organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio), and biological characteristics based on the total bacterial count. The results showed that the resulting LOF was dark brown in color, exhibited a characteristic tea aroma with a distinct acidic odor due to fermentation, and had a pH of 5.5. These physical characteristics complied with the quality requirements for liquid organic fertilizer stipulated in the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No. 70 of 2011. Chemical analysis revealed an organic carbon content of 9.8%, a total nitrogen content of 0.75%, and a C/N ratio of 13.06. The relatively low C/N ratio indicated that the fermentation process had proceeded effectively and that the produced LOF had reached an adequate level of maturity. This finding was supported by the total bacterial count of 6.56 × 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹, indicating active microbial growth during the fermentation process. Overall, tea waste has considerable potential as a raw material for producing liquid organic fertilizer and may contribute to sustainable organic waste management practices